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There's no reason for software to be slow anymore

by Dan LuuDan Luu

gist

Dan Luu argues that coding agents have made specialized performance work cheap enough that slow software is no longer an inevitable default. Formerly expert-only optimizations—JITs, multithreading, workload-specific engines—can now be launched in minutes of human time. Bounded problems and personal workloads see quick wins; open-ended experimental design still needs humans. The practical consequence is more custom, workload-fitted software rather than one-size-fits-all engines.

ideas

  • Performance expertise is no longer the scarce input. Agents collapse the human time to try tricky optimizations that once needed rare skills, so many more 2% wins become worth attempting.
  • Optimize for a class, then for a workload. FRE’s AOT path and ripgrep-derived holdouts show class-level gains; minutes of agent work can then specialize further to real query distributions.
  • Bounded problems beat open judgment. Agents can outpace strong performance engineers on well-defined takehomes, but still need humans to set benchmarks and experimental design.
  • Custom software becomes the default shape. As Brooker and Malis note, fitting engines to particular workloads—or customer traces—looks more economical than shipping one general optimizer.
  • Cheap does not mean automatic generality. Overfitting and regime change remain risks; holdouts and careful measurement still gate whether a speedup is real.

quotes

Dynamic custom software, fitted to a particular workload rather than a class of workloads, seems like a very likely outcome.

Marc Brooker, predicting workload-fitted software as agents cheapen specialization.

A lot of the tedium it used to take to get a tricky optimization like this working is gone.

Dan Luu, on agent loops removing verification drudgery for tricky optimizations.

LLMs have lowered the barrier to entry and made it much easier to write a JIT compiler.

Michael Malis, arguing that code difficulty—not ideas—blocked ambitious systems software.

you can afford to use a coding agent that can beat him on a bounded optimization problem.

Dan Luu, contrasting scarce human performance talent with accessible agent capability.