sources
the catalog — every source behind every claim, dated and typed.
the catalog
every claim on this site carries source ids that resolve here. type marks the evidence role; dates keep the precision the source gave.
- 2013-12-04feyerke in a list apart — offline-first canonalistapart.comfeyerke in a list apart — offline-first canon
- 2023-01first supported release… ground-up rewriteautomerge.org"first supported release… ground-up rewrite"; alex good full-time; support options
- 2025-07automerge.orgautomerge.org3.0 release; moby dick 700mb→1.3mb; 17h→9s load — vendor-reported
- 2026-08release timeline: 2automerge.orgrelease timeline: 2.0 jan 2023 → monthly 2026 series
- 2017-04-19original js repogithuboriginal js repo; created 2017-04-19; ~14.7k stars at access
- 2026-07subduction syncautomerge.orgsubduction sync; backstitch; braid agent issue tracker; coln; teamtype
- 2023-11automerge repo launch postautomerge.orgautomerge repo launch post
- 2026third-party lineage essay: engelbart→kay→i&s malleable softwarebrainmindsociety.orgthird-party lineage essay: engelbart→kay→i&s malleable software
- 2018capstone credits listgithubcapstone credits list; "no longer developing"
- 2022-11-11wiggins interviewchangelogwiggins interview; "2015 is when we reconvened"; founding with lindenbaum & henry
- 2026-01-01definitional critiquedeobald.cadefinitional critique; local-first as spectrum; kleppmann 2024 redefinition
- 2025-02beekem key agreementinkandswitch.combeekem key agreement; inkling open-sourced; lfc 2025 dates (may 27–28 berlin)
- 2025-07automerge 3inkandswitch.comautomerge 3.0 official launch
- 2026-06dispatch index nov 2023–jun 2026inkandswitch.comdispatch index nov 2023–jun 2026; proves continuous operation
- 2019-10acm doi recorddoi.orgacm doi record; proceedings citation
- 2026dxos stack: echo p2p crdt db, composer workspace, cloud-optionaldxos.orgdxos stack: echo p2p crdt db, composer workspace, cloud-optional
- 2025earthstar spec/library for offline-first appsearthstar-project.orgearthstar spec/library for offline-first apps
- 2020-05-24earthstar repogithubearthstar repo; created 2020-05-24; ~919 stars
- 2024-07-17electrics clean rebuildelectric.axelectric's clean rebuild; drops write-path merging for read-path sync
- 2026-09complete essay list w/ years (2018–2025)inkandswitch.comcomplete essay list w/ years (2018–2025)
- 2024-11livestore early accessexpo.devlivestore early access; "based on… the riffle project"; overtone app
- 2013-11-05feyerke/hoodie say hello to offline first — term origingithubfeyerke/hoodie "say hello to offline first" — term origin
- 2025-09litt: in september, i left my research position at ink & switch… now work at notionbuttondownlitt: "in september, i left my research position at ink & switch… now work at notion"
- 2023-03-25litt: malleable software in the age of llms — bridges to agent erageoffreylitt.comlitt: "malleable software in the age of llms" — bridges to agent era
- 2025-02-04ambsheets: 178 ptshacker newsambsheets: 178 pts
- 2023-12-28show hn anytype local-first p2p: 184 ptshacker newsshow hn anytype local-first p2p: 184 pts
- 2023-01-30automerge 2hacker newsautomerge 2.0: 717 pts, 89 comments
- 2022-02-21automerge github thread: 274 pts, 69 commentshacker newsautomerge github thread: 274 pts, 69 comments
- 2024-07-16automerge site thread: 268 pts, 58 commentshacker newsautomerge site thread: 268 pts, 58 comments
- 2025-08-03automerge 3hacker newsautomerge 3.0: 353 pts
- 2023-11-08automerge-repo: 219 ptshacker newsautomerge-repo: 219 pts; miller/pvh benchmark exchange; pvh funding quote
- 2020-10-06cambria lenses: 101 ptshacker newscambria lenses: 101 pts
- 2019-06-23capstone: 254 pts, 41 commentshacker newscapstone: 254 pts, 41 comments
- 2025-04-24show hn colanode: 147 ptshacker newsshow hn colanode: 147 pts
- 2020-09-28josephg conversion essay: 1,181 pts, 312 commentshacker newsjosephg conversion essay: 1,181 pts, 312 comments
- 2026-03-09darn (i&s filesystem collab editing): 3 pts — minimal tractionhacker newsdarn (i&s filesystem collab editing): 3 pts — minimal traction
- 2024-12-18zero launch: 99 ptshacker newszero launch: 99 pts; boodman on replicache maintenance mode
- 2023-09-20show hn electricsql: 617 pts, 170 commentshacker newsshow hn electricsql: 617 pts, 170 comments
- 2019-03-23end-user programming essay: 105 ptshacker newsend-user programming essay: 105 pts
- 2024-11-19show hn fireproof: 99 ptshacker newsshow hn fireproof: 99 pts
- 2020-07-11crdts: the hard parts: 404 pts, 124 commentshacker news"crdts: the hard parts": 404 pts, 124 comments
- 2022-11-30inkbase/programmable ink: 675 pts, 83 commentshacker newsinkbase/programmable ink: 675 pts, 83 comments
- 2025-10-02keyhive: 167 ptshacker newskeyhive: 167 pts
- 2024-02-27lfc announcement: 3 pts — conference traction was offline, not hnhacker newslfc announcement: 3 pts — conference traction was offline, not hn
- 2025-05-27livestore beta at lfc: 156 pts, 43 commentshacker newslivestore beta at lfc: 156 pts, 43 comments
- 2024-06-25prokopov essay thread: 689 pts, 280 commentshacker newsprokopov essay thread: 689 pts, 280 comments; skeptics vs loyalists
- 2019-05-02essay launch thread: 566 pts, 190 commentshacker newsessay launch thread: 566 pts, 190 comments
- 2020-07-29repost: 68 ptshacker newsrepost: 68 pts; crdt-worship skepticism; haverbeke link
- 2020-08-02repost: 262 pts, 131 commentshacker newsrepost: 262 pts, 131 comments
- 2022-06-02repost: 185 ptshacker newsrepost: 185 pts
- 2023-10-02repost: 227 ptshacker newsrepost: 227 pts
- 2025-07-05biggest thread: 883 pts, 297 commentshacker newsbiggest thread: 883 pts, 297 comments
- 2026-02-08show hn localgpt local-first ai: 331 pts, 153 commentshacker newsshow hn localgpt local-first ai: 331 pts, 153 comments
- 2025-06-10malleable software essay: 294 pts, 114 commentshacker newsmalleable software essay: 294 pts, 114 comments
- 2020-04-13malleable systems collective manifesto: 336 pts, 204 commentshacker newsmalleable systems collective manifesto: 336 pts, 204 comments
- 2019-11-20morning-paper thread: 748 pts, 239 commentshacker newsmorning-paper thread: 748 pts, 239 comments
- 2019-05-03muse essay: 137 ptshacker newsmuse essay: 137 pts
- 2021-11-23peritext essay: 76 ptshacker newsperitext essay: 76 pts
- 2022-11-01potluck: 201 ptshacker newspotluck: 201 pts
- 2025-05-22sketchy calendar: 156 ptshacker newssketchy calendar: 156 pts
- 2018-11-21slow software: 438 pts, 260 commentshacker newsslow software: 438 pts, 260 comments
- 2023-03-09upwelling: 37 ptshacker newsupwelling: 37 pts
- 2026-09ten this yearinkandswitch.com"ten this year"; four research areas; allume/automerge as production software; lfc 2026 + godotcon appearances
- 2026-04-08alex good qcon london talkinfoq.comalex good qcon london talk; "i work at ink & switch… maintaining a library"
- 2026-06-29wiggins: cloud-native→local-firstinfoq.comwiggins: cloud-native→local-first; hybrid ai/local models remark
- 2026-06zero 1infoq.comzero 1.0 news; field framing (electric, instant, powersync, convex; jazz pointer)
- 2021-03-15matt webb lab surveyinterconnected.orgmatt webb lab survey; cites i&s "march 2015 pitch deck"
- 2025-04ivan reese announcing the supporters/funding pagenostr.aeivan reese announcing the supporters/funding page
- 2026-04-18jazz v2 alphajazz.toolsjazz v2 alpha; credits i&s's cambria/peritext/keyhive + ecosystem libs
- 2024reservations: storage limits, migrations, permissionsjoodaloop.comreservations: storage limits, migrations, permissions; "irreducible complexity" (undated; reported)
- 2020-09-28gentle: i was wrongjosephg.comgentle: "i was wrong. crdts are the future"
- 2020-07-06hydra talkmartin.kleppmann.comhydra talk; "easy to implement badly"
- 2019-10-23kleppmanns publication notemartin.kleppmann.comkleppmann's publication note
- 2024-05-30first lfc, berlinlocalfirstconf.comfirst lfc, berlin; organizers and speaker list
- 2025-05lfc 2025 (may 26–28)localfirstconf.comlfc 2025 (may 26–28); pvh pre-day; "ink & switch lab director" billing
- 2026-07-12lfc 2026, festsaal kreuzberglocalfirstconf.comlfc 2026, festsaal kreuzberg; lab day hosted by ink & switch; wiggins/dahlberg/mann bios
- 2024-05-30site for the worlds first local-first conferencegithub"site for the world's first local-first conference. berlin 30th may 2024"
- 2026livestore positioninglivestore.devlivestore positioning; riffle→livestore lineage statement
- 2025-05-27schickling: livestore open-source beta after 4 yearslinkedinschickling: livestore open-source beta after 4 years
- 2019-05-0235 upvoteslobsters35 upvotes; ssb "independent reinvention" critique preserved
- 2025-07-15automerge 3lobstersautomerge 3.0: 51 upvotes
- 2019-10onward! 19 paper pdfinkandswitch.comonward! '19 paper pdf; seven ideals; automerge+dat/hypermerge stack; open problems
- 2023-05-29james arthurs lofi origin: localfirstweblofi.sojames arthur's lofi origin: localfirstweb.dev → discord by yonz; first meetup 2023-02-28; ~700 members
- 2026-08lofi/40 meetup 2026-08-25lofi.solofi/40 meetup 2026-08-25; community still active; lfc links
- 2025-03-05lwn on earthstar (founded 2020 by sam gwilym) and sync-protocol shiftlwn.netlwn on earthstar (founded 2020 by sam gwilym) and sync-protocol shift
- 2025-06i&s 2025 essayinkandswitch.comi&s 2025 essay; litt/horowitz/van hardenberg/matthews framework
- 2025-09why local-first apps havent become popular (surfaced via tldr 2025-09-23)marco bambini"why local-first apps haven't become popular" (surfaced via tldr 2025-09-23)
- 2015-07-28haverbeke: central server saves oh so much complexity — cited in hn debatesmarijnhaverbeke.nlhaverbeke: central server saves "oh so much complexity" — cited in hn debates
- 2022-04-05schiefer/litt/jackson, papoc22 — internal critique of forced convergencegroups.csail.mit.eduschiefer/litt/jackson, papoc'22 — internal critique of forced convergence
- 2021industrial research with peter van hardenbergmuseapp.com"industrial research with peter van hardenberg"; bell labs/parc inspiration; spinout flywheel
- 2019-11-20adrian colyers positive technical reviewblog.acolyer.orgadrian colyer's positive technical review; prototype findings
- 2026thenokiablog.comthenokiablog.comearned-skeptic practitioner take: "i spent the first year dismissing local-first as academic"
- 2026-09-11npm last-month downloads: @automerge/automerge 189,051npmnpm last-month downloads: @automerge/automerge 189,051; legacy automerge 25,083
- 2016offline camp doc: term first coined by alex feyerke and the hoodie team in 2013mediumoffline camp doc: term "first coined by alex feyerke and the hoodie team in 2013"
- 2024-07competitors contemporaneous analysis of the electric pivotpowersync.comcompetitor's contemporaneous analysis of the electric pivot
- 2022wiggins on industrial research history (edison, bell labs, arpa, parc)progressstudies.schoolwiggins on industrial research history (edison, bell labs, arpa, parc)
- 2020archived for posteritygithubarchived "for posterity"; moved to automerge/pushpin community
- 2026pvh bio: heroku data products, i&s researcherpvh.capvh bio: heroku data products, i&s researcher
- 2023-10riffle project pageriffle.systemsriffle project page; uist'23 paper; mit csail group incl. litt & schickling
- 2023-10-29riffle: reactive relational state for local-first applications, uist23groups.csail.mit.edu"riffle: reactive relational state for local-first applications," uist'23
- 2026-09-16semantic scholar recordsemanticscholar.orgsemantic scholar record; 137 citations at access date
- 2019-10-23onward! talk slot, athens, templars room2019.splashcon.orgonward! talk slot, athens, templars room
- 2026why bidirectional crdts died — category convergence analysis (reported)blogs.abhipanseriya.dev"why bidirectional crdts died" — category convergence analysis (reported)
- 2024-06-24prokopov local, first, forever: file-sync-based diy local-firsttonsky.meprokopov "local, first, forever": file-sync-based diy local-first
- 2023-09-26weidners crdt benchmark series sparking the nov 2023 debatemattweidner.comweidner's crdt benchmark series sparking the nov 2023 debate
- 2025-05-21weidner: collaborative text without crdt machinerymattweidner.comweidner: collaborative text without crdt machinery
- 2019-12-06klint finley profilewiredklint finley profile; "cardboard box" quote; zaharia skepticism; crdt history note
- 2024crdt community session notes listing structural complaints (undatedworm-blossom.orgcrdt community session notes listing structural complaints (undated; reported)
- 2026zero sync engine positioning and docszero.rocicorp.devzero sync engine positioning and docs
- 2026wiggins site/bioadamwiggins.comwiggins' site/bio
- 2024muse history: $2m, seven-person team, fall-2023 departureadamwiggins.commuse history: $2m, seven-person team, fall-2023 departure
- 2025aria safeguarded ai programme pagearia.org.ukaria safeguarded ai programme page
- 2026project siteautomerge.orgproject site; "independent open source project" framing; monthly update series
- 2021-09relationship-based digital identityinkandswitch.comrelationship-based digital identity
- 2020-10bidirectional lenses for schema changeinkandswitch.combidirectional lenses for schema change
- 2018-12tablet-for-thinking projectinkandswitch.comtablet-for-thinking project
- 2026founded 2015cb insightsfounded 2015; london hq; blueyard capital listed investor (unverified)
- 2022adam wiggins on the 2015 reconvening + industrial-lab inspirationsgithubadam wiggins on the 2015 reconvening + industrial-lab inspirations
- 2026paul shen → openai technical staff 2023-04clay.earthpaul shen → openai technical staff 2023-04; cmu
- 2026research areasinkandswitch.comresearch areas; contact/partnership channels
- 2026bluesky profile aggregator inclcouchsky.appbluesky profile aggregator incl. wiggins bio "cofounder of ink & switch, heroku, and local-first conf"
- 2022-03drawing dynamic modelsinkandswitch.comdrawing dynamic models
- 2023-11about a dozen researchersinkandswitch.com"about a dozen researchers"; three tracks; embark + lude
- 2023-12lisbon unconf w/ fission + dxosinkandswitch.comlisbon unconf w/ fission + dxos; constraint system; automerge roundups
- 2024-02patchwork launchinkandswitch.compatchwork launch; obenauer ollos; lu wilson joins; local-first conf 2024
- 2024-12directors year-end letterinkandswitch.comdirector's year-end letter; la unconf; droste's lair; backstitch preview
- 2025-05automerge 3inkandswitch.comautomerge 3.0 beta; sketchy calendar; site rebuild + funding page
- 2025-09aria sgai joinedinkandswitch.comaria sgai joined; mumm rejoined; chee joined; community calls
- 2025-11gaios introinkandswitch.comgaios intro; grjte/sakrejda/o.reed; keyhive+subduction; live 2025; rirs
- 2026-04tenfoldinkandswitch.comtenfold; "turns ten this year"; lab day announce
- 2026-05patchwork notesinkandswitch.compatchwork notes; wiggins residency/firehose; lfc 2026 dates
- 2026-06new staff (reyburn/yen/stewen)inkandswitch.comnew staff (reyburn/yen/stewen); backstitch=beckett; livelymerge; bijou64
- 2023-11dynamic documents for travel planninginkandswitch.comdynamic documents for travel planning
- 2019-03end-user programming essayinkandswitch.comend-user programming essay
- 2026endless access on the backstitch partnershipaccess.endlessstudios.comendless access on the backstitch partnership; pvh quotes
- 2026unconference history 2022–2024inkandswitch.comunconference history 2022–2024
- 2026litt bio: notiongeoffreylitt.comlitt bio: notion; ex-i&s senior researcher; mit phd
- 2026automerge repo (created 2017-06-29)githubautomerge repo (created 2017-06-29)
- 2026directory-based automerge replication node cligithub"directory-based automerge replication node" cli
- 2026brooklyn zelenka profile: ucan, witchcraft, e2ee local-firstgithubbrooklyn zelenka profile: ucan, witchcraft, e2ee local-first
- 2020farm repo (p2p shared-environment experiment)githubfarm repo (p2p shared-environment experiment)
- 2024inkling source (linked from project page)githubinkling source (linked from project page)
- 2026lab github org (created 2015-08-19)githublab github org (created 2015-08-19)
- 2026githubgithubearly fork preserving "copyright 2017, ink & switch llc, and university of cambridge" + creator credits
- 2026subduction sync enginegithubsubduction sync engine
- 2018-03-30earliest full homepage capturewayback machineearliest full homepage capture; "privately-funded industrial research lab"; earliest site capture noted 2017-05-27
- 2024zelenka bio: fission ctoicfp24.sigplan.orgzelenka bio: fission cto; ucan; wnfs; rhizome
- 2024-02-10transcript of idea machines #50podtail.setranscript of idea machines #50; founding trio; hollywood model; lab evolution
- 2025litt on patchwork + i&s after leavingideas.imbue.comlitt on patchwork + i&s after leaving
- 2026-09rss feedinkandswitch.comrss feed; publication dates for all essays, notes, dispatches
- 2022-11programmable ink essayinkandswitch.comprogrammable ink essay
- 2023project 029inkandswitch.comproject 029; collaborators; live 2024
- 2026project 035inkandswitch.comproject 035; convergent capabilities; beekem; beelay
- 2017-04kleppmann & beresford json crdt paper (ieee tpds)martin.kleppmann.comkleppmann & beresford json crdt paper (ieee tpds)
- 2026founded 2015linkedinfounded 2015; ~13 employees; us hq/miami
- 2026researcher 2021-10→presentlinkedinresearcher 2021-10→present
- 2026senior researcher 2023-01→2025-09linkedinsenior researcher 2023-01→2025-09; led malleable track
- 2026pi 2018-02→2019-06linkedinpi 2018-02→2019-06; stainless 2024→
- 2026rir ~2023-07→2024-02linkedinrir ~2023-07→2024-02
- 2026freelance engineerlinkedinfreelance engineer; potluck team member
- 2026lab director/ceo from 2020-10 (self-reported)linkedinlab director/ceo from 2020-10 (self-reported)
- 2026fission cofounder/cto 2019-05→2024-09linkedinfission cofounder/cto 2019-05→2024-09
- 2019-04landmark essayinkandswitch.comlandmark essay; authors; seven ideals; onward! citation
- 2024pvh local-first interview (referenced by dispatch-003)localfirst.fmpvh local-first interview (referenced by dispatch-003)
- 2025manifund listing for the sgai collaboration infrastructure workmanifund.orgmanifund listing for the sgai collaboration infrastructure work
- 2026researcher at ink & switch… programmable inkmarcelgoethals.com"researcher at ink & switch… programmable ink"
- 2021-12industrial research episode re lab modelmuseapp.com"industrial research" episode re lab model
- 2023end of an era for musemuseapp.com"end of an era for muse"; team departure transcript
- 2026mary rose cook bio: notion ai engineermaryrosecook.commary rose cook bio: notion ai engineer; ex-airtable/ableton/rc
- 2019-04muse design essay + authorsinkandswitch.commuse design essay + authors
- 2025notion announces schoening hirenotion.comnotion announces schoening hire; his bio (github, magic, potluck)
- 2024ollos essay (itemized os)alexanderobenauer.comollos essay (itemized os)
- 2026obenauer independent-researcher sitealexanderobenauer.comobenauer independent-researcher site
- 2024patchwork lab-notebook seriesinkandswitch.compatchwork lab-notebook series
- 2026project 030, 2024–2026inkandswitch.comproject 030, 2024–2026; collaborator list
- 2021-11rich-text crdtinkandswitch.comrich-text crdt; notion partnership basis
- 2018-02earliest crdt-prototype essay (pvh)inkandswitch.comearliest crdt-prototype essay (pvh)
- 2026playbook collaborators inclinkandswitch.complaybook collaborators incl. lindenbaum
- 2022-10dynamic documents as personal softwareinkandswitch.comdynamic documents as personal software; authors
- 2020-04production-grade p2p collaboration prototypeinkandswitch.comproduction-grade p2p collaboration prototype
- 2018-11latency opinion pieceinkandswitch.comlatency opinion piece
- 2022paul shen splash 2022 profile (potluck)2022.splashcon.orgpaul shen splash 2022 profile (potluck)
- 2026individual + organizational supportersinkandswitch.comindividual + organizational supporters; funding model
- 2025sync conf 2025-11-12 sf (per dispatch-013)syncconf.devsync conf 2025-11-12 sf (per dispatch-013)
- 2018-11tablet platform comparisoninkandswitch.comtablet platform comparison
- 2026-0410th-anniversary origin story by todd matthewsinkandswitch.com10th-anniversary origin story by todd matthews
- 2023-01fuzzy constraints + smt solver essayinkandswitch.comfuzzy constraints + smt solver essay
- 2023-03real-time collab + version control for writersinkandswitch.comreal-time collab + version control for writers
- 2023mirror of an end, and a beginning muse lettervuink.commirror of "an end, and a beginning" muse letter
- 2023press coverage of muse team departurewebpronews.compress coverage of muse team departure
AI-drafted at Ben Guo's direct request and credited to Hraness; every claim links to its cataloged source.